Grade Thinking

Thinking as a Hobby In â€Å"Thinking as a Hobby†, William believes that most people are grade three thinkers. Grade three thinkers tend to feel, and not to think. Golding gives an example of his teacher Mr. Houghton, who would always talk about â€Å"good life, sexless, and free of duty†, while â€Å"his neck would turn of itself† if a girl passed by the window (164). I think he is right; most people will speak or do without speaking.For example, William says in his essay, â€Å"A crowd of grade-three thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs† (165). I have known of people speaking their minds, and not caring if it hurts the other person. To be a grade-three thinker is to live the unexpected life. One particular individual that he describes in this passage is a school teacher by the name of Miss Parson. He feels that Miss Parso n pretended to care, and to be concerned for her class.Actually, the only concern she had was finding her a husband. To me, grade three thinkers are considered immature and selfish. When you try to reason with them, they either respond one of two ways, they get mad and turn it into a shouting match or they get defensive. I thought William did a good job on describing grade three thinkers, because it describes most people. People only care about themselves, and not how it may affect others. Also, grade three thinkers, often think everything is true and will fight with anyone if they try to prove them wrong. Overall, William Golding did an excellent job on grade three thinking.

Charles law Essay

Aim: To investigate how the charge on a capacitor is related to the p. d. applied across it by charging the capacitor at a constant rate. Apparatus: o Capacitor (electrolytic type) 500 ? F o Microammeter 100 ? A o Clip component holder o Stop-watch o CRO o Connecting leads Theory: From definition, the capacitor C of a capacitor is found from C = Q/V Where Q is the charge stored on the capacitor and V is the potential difference across it. ==> Q = CV ==>. If a capacitor is charged up at a constant rate, i. e., where I is a constant. Then is also constant. Hence the potential difference across the capacitor increases linearly with time. Procedure 1. The circuit was connected as shown in the figure below. The CRO was set to d. c. and the sensitivity to 1 V/cm. 2. The time base was set to any high value so that a steady horizontal trace is displayed. The trace was shifted to the bottom of the screen. 3. The capacitor was shorted out by connecting a lead across it and adjust the 100 k ? potentiometer for a suitable current, say 80 ? A. 4. Shorting lead was removed and the capacitor will charge up. Note what happens to the microammeter reading and the CRO trace. 5. The procedure was repeated but this time start the stop-watch and continuously adjust the potentiometer to keep the current constant as the capacitor charges up. 6. The times was measured for the CRO trace to move up by 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, etc. These are the times for the p. d. across the capacitor to reach 1V, 2V, 3V, etc. 7. The results was tabulated. Results and discussion. 8 Describe what happens to the microammeter reading and the CRO trace as the capacitor is being charged up. The microammeter reading increase momentarily, then it decrease to zero in a few second. After the capacitor had been completely charged,the CRO trace is a horizontal line, which continuously move up. 9 Tabulate the times for the p. d. across the capacitor to reach 1 V, 2 V, 3 V, etc. as below: P. d. across capacitor Plot a graph of p. d. across the capacitor against time. How is the p. d. related to the time? p. d. is directly proportional to time. 11 Deduce a relationship between the charge on the capacitor and the p. d. across it. From the graph it is found that p. d. is directly proportional to time. Since Q=CV => V=Q/C Therefore if V across the capacitor is directly proportional to t, Q is directly proportional to time as current was constant. Conclusion We can find out that the p. d. across the capacitor is directly proportional to the time needed. Given that the charging current is constant. Sharing. The experiment is much easier than the last one , but we encountered some obstacles in connecting wires , as usual , we messed up positive and negative terminals and couldn’t conduct it smoothly. At last, we had to call for help. Suggestion and there may be some personal error , for example counting the time taken for the capacitor be charged to extent value was rather inaccurate. Perhaps, we could conduct the experiment several times and compute out the average value. Reference list http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capacitor http://www. elecsound. cn/Ceramic-Capacitor. htm.

Merits of Arbitration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Merits of Arbitration - Essay Example These are also points of interest that have been included into the presented work. The conclusion that has been found will show that arbitrary services are a necessity to International Commercial Businesses and are relied upon heavily by many national companies. The ICC has recently undergone a restructuring and has had an extension of affiliates added as new members of its court. The total membership of the ICC is now at an estimated 122 which includes the positions of: chairman, nine vice chairmen, eighty six members, and twenty five alternate members (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). The court is truly vindictive of International brethren as a total of 86 countries are now representative within the court. The processes and procedures of the ICC are carried out every week as they review all cases that are before them and asses specific ones, designating arbitrators, fixing arbitration costs, and reviewing various drafted reports and awards submitted by arbitral tribunals (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). There are a number of legitimate reasons why arbitration is selected by many as a means to solving a dispute but first and foremost both parties must be willing to enter the process with good intentions rather than making the situation more complicated than what it already is. Also, the rulings passed down through the ICC's arbitrary process are final and absolutely binding, there is no changing a contract once an agreement has been reached. Furthermore, it is found that the awards reached through arbitrary processes allow for a broader international recognition than those that are passed down by national courts (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). In the arbitrary methods found within the ICC, either party or both can feel on equal ground in five mutually respective key areas which are: Place of Arbitration Language Used Procedures or rules of law applied Nationality Legal representation (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). These five key areas make the atmosphere for arbitration more amicable as there are no restrictions within the realm of language or nationality, so therefore there is no undue discrimination to be found in the process. This allows for establishing a totally neutral setting to allow for a fair hearing for both parties without any prejudices. Furthermore, the process is found to be swifter and far less expensive than old fashioned litigation procedures found within the basic court system. Basically, this process prevents appeals so it does away with any possibility of the case being tied up in the court system for a prolonged period of time, which saves both parties concerned a lot of additional time and money. There have been instances where awards as high as multi-million dollars have been awarded and

Strategicmanagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategicmanagement - Essay Example Its overall performance has been consistently very good and it is moving in the right direction by seeking advice as regards specific strategies and long term objectives in the current market scenario. Nonetheless, in spite of its stellar performance and status, CGC must steadily adapt to the current business practice of path-breaking forays that among things include globalization, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, and excursions into unexplored regions notably the Middle East, South Asia and South-East Asia. The economical growth and social progress in these regions, despite their vicissitudes, uncertainties and filibustering elements provide the right environment and prospects for games like golf. Also, CGC must widen its range of product. Big players like Nike and Adidas have entered the golf market. It is time CGC made forays into some products manufactured and marketed by Nike, Adidas, etc, that are not currently in the list of products covered by CGC. Golf has fairly good presence in countries like China, Korea, and India. The game has attracted enough attention at elite business and social levels for formation of golf clubs which include acquisition of large tracts of land even in cities like Mumbai (Bombay) where real estate prices are among the highest in the world. GGC has encountered piracy problems in China, and undoubtedly the p... n at elite business and social levels for formation of golf clubs which include acquisition of large tracts of land even in cities like Mumbai (Bombay) where real estate prices are among the highest in the world. GGC has encountered piracy problems in China, and undoubtedly the problem does not exist in China alone. Apart from taking legal steps, there is the need to address the problem more pragmatically by entering the market through the front door in these regions. China and India have opened up to foreign investments like never before. The best way to begin operations is by getting hold of big names like Kapil Dev to endorse CGC products. Kapil Dev is a former cricketer and has tremendous fan following in India. Apart from Kapil Dev, there are other players, both current and retired, who play golf. Cost of Endorsements Getting big names like Kapil Dev to endorse is expensive. Conservatively, the price could be around US$ 10 million for five years. This is a rough estimate. Other Costs Other costs include sponsorship of golf events and players. It is difficult to provide precise figures. However, CWC could mark their presence with a budget of another US 6 million dollars for 3 years. It will be necessary to appoint an official representative who is conversant with golf to act on behalf of CGC. The annual cost for such a representative will be US$ 250,000 annually to cover salary, house rent and travel. Annual Budget Thus, the total annual budget will be as follows: 1) Endorsement by a big player US$ 2,000,000 2) Sponsorship of events and players US$ 2,000,000 3) Official Representative's salary, rent, travel US$ 250,000 4) Other promotional costs US$ 250,000 Total Cost US$ 4,500,000 Agenda for Return on Investments (ROI) It is not

Theology College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theology College - Essay Example It must, thus, be completely disregarded as a possible option. The starting point for any consideration of abortion as a solution to a problematic and unwanted pregnancy must be the acknowledgement of God as both the giver and the taker of life. None can, and none should attempt to usurp this role. Indeed, as Bonhoeffer wrote, Destruction of the embryo in the mother's womb is a violation of the right to live which God has bestowed upon this nascent life. To raise the question whether we are here concerned already with a human being or not is merely to confuse the issue. The simple fact is that God certainly intended to create a human being and that this nascent human being has been deliberately deprived of his life. And that is nothing but murder.1 As a pastor, however, and as briefly touched upon in the preceding, it need be acknowledge that the young girl must be going through a period of guilt, compounded with despair. These two are probably at the heart of her evident, although unexpressed, partiality towards abortion as a solution. ... Had she or her family been in a position to afford the pregnancy and the child, her situation may not be as problematic as it currently is. This is a fact that I cannot ignore and which I should express sympathetic understanding of. Sympathies and personal sentiments aside, however, theological doctrine cannot be altered or tailored to suit our immediate purposes but need be consistently applied and adhered to, irrespective of circumstances. Theological doctrine asserts the right to life. As Bonhoeffer affirms, "God gives before He demands."3 The implication is clear: the right to life predominates over, and precedes the responsibilities of life. The foetus has a right to life and the responsibilities associate with that life are, although of critically important concern, secondary to the affirmed right. Accordingly, rather than be influenced by the economic and social considerations and concerns that the foetus, as a life, will bring with him/her, the primary influence, and the determinant of any decision made with respect to this case, should be the right to life. The right to life, the value of life, is an integral part of Christian theological doctrine and is affirmed through Soteriology, Christ's Physical Resurrection, and Ecclesiastology. The salvic purpose of Christ's death is an affirmation of life and the right to life; the Christ's Physical Resurrection is a testament to the eternal nature of life, on the one hand, and to the value which Christianity places on bodily life; the teachings of the Church, those being the teaching of Jesus Christ and, the Church's mission, that being the affirmation of Christ's teachings and

Scan of Emerson, American Scholar and Factory Life As It Is Assignment

Scan of Emerson, American Scholar and Factory Life As It Is - Assignment Example an amendable constitution, which can be revised by the people as they please, is a political innovation that guarantees peace and happiness through self-governance. James Winthrop, a public official from Massachusetts, emphasized on the importance of the constitutional Bill of Rights. In reference to theoretical frames of politics, Winthrop asserted that systems of government belonging to the majority have inherent tendencies to disregard fundamental rights of the minority. Majority rulers exert tyrant principles upon minority subjects (Winthrop, 269). In order to safeguard the fundamental freedoms of the minority, Winthrop opposed the federal ratification of the constitution. Winthrop maintained that ratification of the constitution would consolidate constitutional powers to tyrant majorities, thus threatening the self-governance of American states. In order to prevent governmental despotism and usurpation against citizens, Winthrop proposed that the Bill of Rights should remain an essential constitutional component. With respect to the principle of representation, David Ramsay favors proportional representation of citizens in deliberation assemblies. Ramsay stated that proportional representation is a miniature form of communities; hence the representatives have interests and feelings of the majority (Ramsay, 268). On the contrary, James Winthrop opposes the concept of proportional representation. According to Winthrop, proportional representation does not guarantee preservation of minority rights against the wanton use of numerical tyranny by the majority (Winthrop, 269). Instead of proportional representation, Winthrop says that laws should be made by local officials who can establish immediate contact with their

CLC EMR Business Plan-Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

CLC EMR Business Plan-Executive summary - Essay Example 11). That is, organizations all around the globe are doing all their best to promote their competitive advantage in their respective industries. To be specific, hospitals and other institutions all around the world are fighting tooth and nail to remain up to date with all major technological advancements that influence their success in the health industry (Rochelle and Courtney, 2010). It is hereby clear that for any organization to triumph in the current and future status of different industries, technology has to be in the forefront of the day-to-day operations (Kate, 2012). In this sense, this paper aims to provide a market plan for promoting the adoption of Healthland EMR software via an account of Inner City Care LLC. To ensure that the business plan succeeds in promoting the targeted area of concern, this paper is divided into five major sections (Rochelle and Courtney, 2010). The first section analyses the background of the company that this paper aims to lay on its major mark eting strategy. This is followed by a thorough analysis of the market that this industry dwells on. Thirdly, a well-planned sales and marketing strategy is described to clarify how exactly the business is going to promote its competitive advantage. ... e at the companies two main areas concern, namely, the Inner City Care Hospital (ICCH) and Inner City Care Clinic (ICC) (Rochelle and Courtney, 2010). In addition, recent acquirement of 4 satellite clinics create a clear background of how the company’s focus has greatly benefited from technology (Kate, 2012). To be brief, Inner City Care LLC is made up by a membership of thirty (30) people whom have enjoyed the fact that the company has an expansive customer base. That is, through its technologically focused health care services, the company has created a great customer base, which keeps on expanding day in day out. This great background of Inner City Care hospital has played a huge in ensuring that a more strategized business plan has to be in place to guarantee the company’s vision. The chief vision at Inner City Care LLC has been to create a full service medical centre along with clinics. This is to ensure that Inner City maintains its focus on the use of technologic ally advanced medical services and advanced learning and research opportunities for the respective stakeholders (Rochelle and Courtney, 2010). Essentially, this vision has been playing a very huge role the partnerships between the company and other education institutions. This is to provide a platform for novices and other advanced members in the industry to get well prepared to be successful in promoting the globally accepted standards of high-tech health care professionals. Among some of the most notable advancements in the United States’ health industry is the use of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems (Rochelle and Courtney, 2010). Several health care organizations are taking advantage of the fact there is a large number of software development companies that deliver these products and at

Common core assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common core - Assignment Example 312 shows that 25 is greater than 12. 1+8=11-2, illustrates that the sum of 1 and 8, is equal to the difference 11 and 2. Geometry is the final topic illustrated in the book. The topic has three major subcomponents. Firstly, students are required to understand and construct shapes with several attributes. For instance, a rectangle has four equal sides with four equal angles. There are eight Mathematical practice standards, as illustrated by the P-12 common core mathematics standards. The standards aim at enhancing the teaching and effective understanding of mathematical concepts (Higgs, 2002). This paper focuses on analyzing the Mathematics practice at the second learning grade. The first standard entails understanding and striving to solve a problem. The grade two students depend on objects and pictures to effectively analyze and solve problems. For example, drawing and counting circle to assist in solving simple sums like 3+5=8. The leaner draws s circles, and then another five circles. The answer is achieved by counting all the eight circles. The second standard entails reasoning quantitatively. Quantitative reasoning involves developing adequate representation of the mathematical problem, analyzing the units involved, and knowing meaning of quantities. Quantitative aspect also entails understanding and flexibly applying several operations properties . 3+1=4, illustrates analysis of the addition unit. The third standard is making viable arguments, and also critiquing the quantitative opinion of others. The second grade learners have the ability of reasoning inductively concerning data. The students can develop arguments through applying concrete referents like actions, drawings and objects. The students can learn, read and also listen to the arguments of peers and also the teachers. The second grade students can effectively identify a

Financial Management of a Small Burger Restaurant Coursework

Financial Management of a Small Burger Restaurant - Coursework Example They provide a rough idea of how the business can be in future and can even identify areas of concerns that can appear in future. Each head in the projected financial statement is based on certain assumptions; some can easily be predicted while some are difficult to predict as they are outside business’s control for e.g. changes in taxes, an unpredictable event etc. (Lasher. 2000; Covello. 1998) In a small business like burger restaurant operative in a college campus, since there are no proper planning departments and tools, the projection technique of financial management can be useful. A typical small burger restaurant’s sources of revenue can be sale of food and beverages. The main heads of costs could be the material costs, packaging and transportation of food etc. In any other business, the restaurants have operating expenses like rents, utilities, labor wages, cleaning expenses etc. Such businesses are not operative in a very dynamic environment nor are very large businesses which have many complexities and changes to take account of. The estimated projected income statement for such a business for 3 years can be presented as below: Pro-forma 3 years Projected Income Statement YEAR-1 YEAR-2 YEAR-3 SALES REVENUE (NET) ($) ($) ($) Food revenue 505,890 570,276 548,674 Beverage Revenue 151,110 153,884 233,682 Food Cost (143,719) (158,863) (168,542) Beverage Cost (47,906) (44,807) (42,136) TOTAL INCOME 465,375 520,490 571,678 OPERATING EXPENSES Advertising 1,200 2,400 3,000 Depreciation 36,000 28,800 23,040 Utilities and Phones 31,080 33,300 37,200 Wages 344,925 356,423 367,920 Officer's Salary 42,000 43,680 45,420 Rent 7,500 7,500 7,500 TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 462,705 472,103 484,080 OPERATING PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 NET PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 The analysis of the projected income statement for three years is detailed below: Revenue: The business deals and serves meals which include foods and beverages. The restaurant serves food items li ke burgers, apple pies, nachos and cheese and salads etc, while it mainly serves beverages and soft drinks with the meal. This makes two main products as the revenue generating which are food revenue and beverages revenue. Food & Beverages Revenue: The food revenue constitutes around 65% to 75% of the total revenue. We analyzed that on an average a customer spends around $6 on an order. Since we have no information about the units of sales and what items of food are preferred and sold we shall assume that out of the revenue received from each customer on an average, a portion of average selling price of food items can be taken as revenue from the food. Similarly for the beverages no information regarding the number of units sold is given, therefore we shall take the revenue as a portion of average selling price of beverages. The beverages ranges from a price range of $1.29 to $ 1.49; this means that out of the total $6 spend on an order by a customer $1.29 to $1.49 will be spent on beverages, which makes around 25% to 35% of the average order that is $6. Rest 65% to 75% of the remaining revenue will be generated from food items. Based on this assumption in year 1, if there are 300 customers everyday and the business operated 365 days a year and an average customer spending is $6, the food revenue on an estimate can be around 77% which makes $505,890 and the remaining 23% can be

Wk2 disc(6100) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk2 disc(6100) - Essay Example This is necessary as theories serve as maps which guide the counsellor as to the handling of the client. Each theory provides the MHC with direction and goals for the clients and helps in evaluating the effectiveness of counselling. MHC’s emphasise the patient’s environment with a comprehensive perspective to treat dysfunction or any pathological condition if necessary. (Hershenson & Strein, 1991) Five different theoretical approaches are psychoanalytic, behavioural, client-centered, cognitive and affective. The basic premise of client-centered theory is that each person has an inherent tendency to develop all capacities to maintain and enhance oneself. Thus the aim of this theory is to bring the client towards self actualization. The MHC using this approach assumes the role of being a genuine and empathic friend towards the client sharing experiences and working to build the clients confidence, which in turn helps in positive changes in the clients self awareness and attitude. This particular approach requires a personal touch that is lacking in many lives of today’s fast paced world. I personally gravitate towards this theory as it coincides with my belief that connecting to each other at a personal level is important to nurture the human psyche and is the missing element and cause of many of present day mental health problems. (Vacc and Loesch, 2000) One common trend in counseling is that of eclectics and integration. That is a combination of methods is used to treat the patient depending on his particular requirements. The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a practical approach that combines eclectics and integration. TTM provides an integrative structure to counseling theories. It is developed to combine various aspects of counseling without detaching practice from theory. (Petrocelli, 2002) TTM is useful in many situations especially for workplace counseling, youth counseling as in educational institutions etc. A major reason for

Definition Of Success Essay Example for Free

Definition Of Success Essay We were born to work. We must achieve something great in a limited time. This is our duty a duty that every man or woman should bear. Depending on how this duty will be beard, we may say whether this person was successful or not. In a book the word success was defined as a favourable result or wished for ending through the achievement of goals. That is, if one attains a desired goal through achievement, he or she can be considered as a successful one. And the only way to achieve your goal is through hard work. Many people define the word success as being rich, which means having a great amount of money and owning valuable materials. Nowadays, this definition of success is thought of as not the most appropriate because there is more to success than just being wealthy or popular. These people should not forget that success is only awarded to those who have worked for it and those who deserve it. Success is not easily obtainable. That is why I can fully agree with the famous hairstylists quotation, that the only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and Investment Banks Essay Example for Free

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and Investment Banks Essay Over the past decades, retail banks have remained the main commercial bank for consumers, rather than corporations or other banks. The investment bank has become more popular amongst individuals, corporations and governments which are interested in raising their profits. Retail banks and investment banks have different organizational structures and activities. So they have many differences, such as services, customers and profits. And this report aims to distinguish between the retail bank and the investment bank in order to identify their specific service areas. Firstly, the author will review some literature focusing on the definitions. Secondly, the author will illustrate the differences between them from their target activities and functions. Retail banks offer a range of services to individual customers and small businesses, rather than to large companies and other banks. These include: savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards and credit cards. An investment bank is a bank which specializes in providing funds to corporate borrowers for startup or expansion and does not accept deposits but provides services to those who offer securities to investors, and to those investors themselves. It may also assist and support companies which are involved in mergers and acquisitions, and provides ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange, commodities, and equity securities. From the definitions above, it clearly shows that the two types of bank provide substantially different services to customers. As a normal customer, I think the retail banks are better than the investment banks. And there are three advantages of the retail banks. Firstly, the retail banks have more branches than the investment banks. For example, Lloyds TSB Bank is a retail bank in the United Kingdom, and according to Lloyds TSB website, the bank has nearly 1,900 branches across the UK. This means that you can find the branches of TSB almost everywhere. So you can deal with some normal business easily, the branches of retail banks can be found almost everywhere. For example, you want to make emergency loans, you do not have enough time to find an investment bank to make loans, so you must choose the retail banks. Moreover, the retail banks can supply some services which the investment banks do not provide. When you want to transfer from one account to another account, you can not go to the investment banks, because the investment banks do not offer this kind of service. Therefore, if you want to deal with some normal business (such as savings, mortgages and credit cards) at a bank, it would be better to choose the retail banks. The Royal Bank of Scotland is one of the retail banking is part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, and together with NatWest and Ulster Bank, provides branch banking facilities throughout the UK. And it can provide almost every service that the retail banks have. So it has a good reputation in Scotland. Finally, the risk of retail banks is relatively lower than the investment banks. You can get money from the rate of interest which can be higher than the other banks. Such as Barclays Corporate which belongs to the Barclays Group and provide these kinds of services (such as savings, transactional accounts, mortgages, debit cards, credit cards). It offers a service called monthly savings which is its regular savings plan that allows you to save regularly over 12 months, and you can get higher interest rates are paid where no withdrawals have been made in the previous month. This means that you can get high fixed interest of up to 3. 25% AER / 3. 20% in months when no withdrawals are made. And the revenue of the retail banks is stability and fixed. So you do not need to pay more attention to the asset in the retail banks. These advantages of the retail banks are the reasons why the retail banks are better as a normal customer. As an advanced person or a company, I think the investment banks are better. There are also many advantages of the investment banks which usually provide services for the company. First of all, most of the investment banks are global company and it can provide services more widely than the retail banks. Such as Morgan Stanley is a leading global financial services firm providing a wide range of investment banking, securities, investment management and wealth management It reports US$779 billion as assets under its management. Its headquarter located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City. It has companies in 37 countries with over 1,200 offices, employees dedicated to local businesses, government agencies, institutions and individuals. So the investment banks can provide the services (such as trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange and commodities) all over the world. Secondly, the revenue of the investment banks significantly more than profit of other types of banks. If you save your extra money in the retail banks, you can only get the interest from the rates. But if you sand your money to the investment banks you can get remarkable returns although it has a high risk. For example the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American investment bank and securities. And it provides mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. Amazingly, the company in US profits reached a record $ 13. 39 billion in 2010, on average common shareholders equity rate of return is 22. 5%. At last, the investment banks also can provide some special services that the retail banks do not offer. For instance, it can supply a particularly serving called â€Å"financial advice† what can make financial of a company more reasonability and determine the future line of development. UBS AG is a diversified global financial services company, with its main headquarters in Basel and Zurich, Switzerland and UBS is present in all major financial centers worldwide. With Premier Advisory Services, UBS offers you the opportunity to schedule individual one-on-one consultations with CEFS experts who understand your equity-linked compensation as an integrative part of your total wealth management, know about the different plan vehicles and can support you on issues such as How can I best align my equity-linked compensation with my total wealth management or When should I exercise, which strategy is the best.

Performance of any construction project

Performance of any construction project Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Introduction: The delivery of any project is considered successful, when it achieves its predetermined goals and objectives. The performance of any construction project is measured or benchmarked by three aspects i.e. time, cost and quality. Any variations to these three aspects may lead to the failure of the project. Cost of the project, its duration and the value achieved from the project is an important issue, particularly for public funded projects. As these types of projects are sponsored by tax payers, hence it becomes necessary to provide better value for their money in terms of services or facilities. Increased duration means the tax payers and the overall economy of the country have to wait for facilities such as infrastructure and services. This will make hurdle for the progress of economy of that country. The simplest definition of the cost overrun in the construction project is an overrun which occurred rather than presumed cost. The researchers findings suggest that most of the public funded projects across the globe suffered from the phenomenon of cost overrun. The study of Flybjerg et al (2002, 2003 and 2004) had covered 23 countries across five continents and found as infrastructure projects often suffer from the cost overruns. For the successful delivery of the project without any cost overrun, it is necessary to investigate the various causes of cost overrun and as per various causes, preventive measures are to be implemented to avoid cost overrun. There is an internal relationship between the type of the project i.e. size and purpose of project, type of risks involved in the projects and the phenomenon of cost overrun. Most of the mega projects are more susceptible for the cause of cost overrun due to various reasons such as, longer duration, variety of risks involved and influence of stake holders. Every cost escalated project has unique causes of cost overrun particular to that project, which mostly depends upon the location of the project, culture of construction industry at that location and type of project etc. Various researchers have found out the cause of cost overrun particular to their case studies. These causes of cost overrun are further subcategorised as technical causes and non technical causes. Majority of technical causes found are inaccurate cost estimates, poor project management and improper risk management. Even though there are various causes of cost overrun for different projects, same measures can be implemented for any projects to take care of cost overrun. Though there are various case studies for successful projects and unsuccessful projects in aspects of cost overrun, the case study of construction of terminal 5, Heathrow is explained here as it is one of the successful project delivery without any cost overrun due to various measures and innovative strategies adopted by BAA during the project management. The case of Wembley stadium is considered for finding the causes of cost overrun as a failure project, which led the contractor to the huge amount of loss of profit. Cost overrun has various impacts in a construction industry such as prolonged duration of projects, budget shortfall, supplementary agreements, loss of reputation for client, contractors and consultants and adversarial relationship among the stake holder due to failure of the project. As said above, most of the public funded projects were suffered from the cost overrun. It is necessary to attain the effective measures for cost overrun for the successful completion of the projects, which will be helpful for the socio-economic progress of that country. 1.2 Purpose: Every country across the globe it may be developed or developing, is trying to make life of the citizens easier by providing or enhancing the infrastructural facilities. History shows that most of the infrastructural projects are prone to cost overrun with effect of delays or suspension of the projects, leading to deceleration in achieving infrastructural facilities for the tax payers or that country. In order to realise every nations development dream and to leap towards the respective aspiration, every professional of construction industry will have to opt for successful project delivery without any cost overrun, sticking to time constrain and with optimum quality. This fact gives the much needed motivation for the research. 1.3 Aim: The aim of the research is to investigate the major causes of cost overrun in construction projects and measures to avoid cost overrun. 1.4 Objectives: To build clear understanding of the causes and measures for the phenomenon of cost overrun. To study some practical evidences to compare causes found for failure project and measures taken for successful project. Analyse the information obtained from study (literature review and case studies) and provide results to facilitate further recommendation and suggestions for avoidance of cost overrun. 1.5 Research questions: What are the major causes of cost overrun? What are the various measures to avoid cost overrun? 1.6 Breakdown of the dissertation: This chapter gives the summery of the various contents which were covered in the research. For better achievement of aims of research every topic will be covered in the chapters, following are the introduction of all chapters Chapter 1:- Introduction This chapter covers the preliminary introduction to the topic with purpose of study, aim, objectives, research questions and breakdown of the dissertation. Chapter 2:- Review methodology This chapter explains about the methodology followed to execute the study with explanation about research strategy, literature review, case study, research design, methods of data collection etc. Chapter 3:- Literature review This chapter covers the literature review with description about cost overrun, megaprojects, causes and measures for the cost overrun. Chapter 4:- Case study This chapter gives the evidence of real life case studies, to get better idea of causes for failure and measures for success of project. Case study of terminal 5, Heathrow is studied to understand successful delivery and case study of Wembley stadium is considered for causes of failure of project. Chapter 5:- Finding and analysis This chapter covers the knowledge gained from the studies and analysis in the form of future recommendation to avoid the cost overrun in construction projects. Chapter 6:- Conclusion This chapter covers the introduction for conclusion, objectives and their attainment, limitation and strength of the study, which will be benefited from the study and the future recommendations. Chapter 2: Review Methodologies 2.1 Introduction Sekaran (1992) defined research as an organized, systematic, data based, critical, scientific inquiry, or investigation into specific problem, undertaken with the objective of finding answers or solution to it. This chapter explains the methodology and the techniques, which were used for achieving the objectives explored in the Chapter 1. For doing so it will first discuss about the research design process, theoretical and practical explanation about selecting structured literature review and case study approach. It also elaborates about the actual design of the case study and details surroundings the selection of the case study. These detailed explanations involve the formation of questionnaire about the case study, overview of case study and discussion of the related issues. After this the section describes about the data collection methodology which was utilized in this investigation. 2.2 Research strategy A Research strategy is a plan containing the ways of finding out the answers of the research questions. For framing the research strategy it is necessary to define the objectives of the research and accordingly the research strategy can be developed. Flyvbjerg (2006) and Bell (2005) explained about the strategy, study and the situations. Accordingly, the problems under study and the situation will decide the strategy. Also the approach of information collection does not depend on one method. Methods are opted for feeding required data to produce complete piece of research. Various methods are used to examine a subject which eventually increases the validity of the theory. Yin (2003) had elaborated five different strategies, which will support the research, accordingly, Experiments: Experiment will be helpful when there will be degree of control over the iterative trials and researcher is focused on current events. This will help to find out the conclusions by interrelating the cause and the effects of the variables in the research, which can be achieved by manipulating and control of external factors. Survey: A survey is a structured questionery which is to be questioned to the people. This will be the alternative for the experiments when there is no need of the control over circumstances of the event. The quality of the data by this method is lower than the other methods because the behaviour or approach of the person facing the questionery will affect the survey result. Case study: It involves thorough observations of few individuals. Data collection may involve inspecting the events, interviews and finding records. Archival analysis: It involves the thorough analysis of collected documents, archives, which may be journals, books, web pages etc. Here archival analysis is considered literature review. History: History is similar as archival analysis as it does not require control over the response of the events, only difference is as archival analysis focuses on the current events while history does not. History is practical when there is no control over the behaviour events and investigator does not focus on contemporary events. From the various methods stated above the author has considered case study and literature review as the potential methods for the research under study. Specifically case studies of construction of Terminal 5, Heathrow and construction of Wembley stadium have been adopted for the proper understanding of the topic.By adopting the recommendations and similar conditions in context to the research, the study under view plans to follow broad range of methods such as qualitative and some elements of quantitative techniques. To accomplish this research project, both case study and literature review approaches will be used. There are various reasons apart from as stated above for the adopting literature review and case study approach. One of the reasons will be the problem of biased selectivity in reviewing the literature and bias in reporting which reflects authors bias. In addition to that, there may be difficulty of generalization of data on the basis of individual cases as interpreted by Flyvbjerg (2006).However the combination of the data from the literature review in context with case studies and further analysis will greatly improve the quality of this research and with anticipation, will not produce any barriers at the analysis and interpretation stage. 2.3 Literature Review Bouner (1996) explained about the various reasons for giving time and efforts for the literature review before approaching towards the research project. Accordingly To identify gaps in the literature To avoid reinventing the wheel To carry on from where others have already reached To increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area To identify seminal works in your area To identify opposing views To put your work in to perspective To identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project To identify methods that could be relevant to your project On the basis of the above reasons literature review can be defined as a survey of the scholarly articles, relevant books and other academic sources (Dissertation, conference proceedings) in context with the research subject, providing details, critical analysis and summery. Literature review can be done by adopting various steps one by one as Define the topic Compile a list keywords Identify resources Search results Screening results Organize findings Data extraction and Reporting. 2.4 Case study Feagin et al (1991) defined case study as an ideal methodology when a holistic, in-depth investigation is needed. Yin (2003) explained about the case study as when the phenomenon under study is not readily distinguishable from its context. According to Flyvbjerg (2006) case study is beneficial in view of developing and analyzing the hypothesis but not limited to these research activities alone. He elaborated the case study as a perfect choice for achieving the greatest possible amount of information on a given problem or phenomenon. Yin (2003) recommended about the data collection for the formation of the case study, accordingly data obtained from the multiple resources, approaches will add value and strengthen the case study. Yin (2003) identified six sources of case study evidences namely documentation, archival record, interviews, direct observations, participating observations, and physical artefacts. Due to certain limitations including time and lack of funds, this research will make use of only documentation and archived materials. Data from the two separate case studies was collected to get near to the aim of the research and trying to find literal replication to support the findings of the research. The propositions directed and shaped the collection and analysis of data in each case study. Yin (1994) given recommendation to be followed for methodology for a case study which has four stages; Design the case study protocol: determine the required skill develop and review the protocol. Conduct the case study; prepare for data collection distribute questionery conduct interview Analyze case study evidences: analytic strategy Develop conclusion, recommendations, and implications based on the evidence. Yin (1994) intimated that case study designs are not variants of other research design he proposed five components of case studies: A studys questions, Its propositions, if any, Its unit(s) of analysis The logic linking the data to the propositions, and The criteria for interpreting the findings (Yin, 1994, p.20). The stage of analysis is a critical factor in case study because it is a system of action rather than individuals or group of individuals. Case studies will be isolating, focusing on one or two issues which will be helpful to understand the system being examined. Multiple case studies will adopt the logic of replication. Each individual case study consists of a whole study, in which facts are gathered from various sources and conclusions drawn on those facts. The topic of cost overrun is vast because to understand or to investigate the various causes of cost overrun it is necessary to go thoroughly to the every phase of the project, right from its inception to completion stage. Hence the time available to write dissertation on such huge and vast topic is limited, so instead of writing two much case studies, emphasize is given on two case studies such as successful project as a project T5 and failure project as a Wembley stadium. Why case study of project T5 and Wembley national stadi um? The answer is, Terminal 5 project considered here to understand the successful project delivery without any cost overrun and the Wembley stadium is considered for finding and comparing the causes of failure of project. 2.5 Research Design A deliberately planned arrangement of conditions for analysis and collection of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy of procedure (Cook et al 1981).The purpose of the research design is to map the process of research, i.e. research design is used to frame the research, by mapping all the major parts, components, and activities involved to achieve the objectives involved in research project. Various parts and components of the research are samples or groups, measures and activities such as methods of assignment are to be addressed to central research questions. Before planning research design the very first step is identification of the research objectives and then the research questions are then asked and accordingly strategies are to be identified. While fixing the strategy about research design, researcher needs to overlook and decide about the usage of viable and accessible source of information with the help of currently available t ools and methods. The data should be collected in view to get assist to the identified problems or reveal some unknown aspects of the research problems. As research strategy is decided by focusing on aims and objectives of the research, all the data collected should be eventually related within the scope of the research. Efficient collection of data requires through understanding and clear definition of the problem and opportunities surrounding the research subject. (See Figure No 2.1) 2.6 Methods of Data collection Various sources of data which were used for data collection is below Databases Emerald Science direct Scopus Wiley interscience Google scholar e-Library, University of Salford EBSCO host Scirus.com Informaworld RICS BAA OGC NAO Wembleystadium.com Other potential sources of information are textbooks, journals available at library, University of Salford. 2.7 Limitations While searching the appropriate article for collection of the data, it is observed that the same article is appeared in most of the resources. As research aim is in context with the overall construction projects, most of the articles found based on public projects and it is difficult to find the article for private projects. Also it is observed that there are very less articles purely on the topic of cost overrun, most of the articles combined cost overrun and time overrun. 2.8 Summary The research methodology is explained here as a process by which the aims and the objectives of the research have been achieved. For finding out and going near to the answers of the research question is achieved by following the research strategy, which includes adoption of the literature review and case studies with justification adoption of case studies for the particular research. Finally the research design described about the collection, segregation and extraction of data from the authentic sources. Chapter 3: Literature review. A construction project is a unique undertaking for essentially a single purpose which is defined by scope, quality, time, and the cost objectives. The cost and the quality objectives are met by the use of limited resources (Ahuja et al 1994). One of the clients main requirements in respect of any construction project is the assessment of its expected cost (Ashworth, 2004).The importance of cost control as explained by Ashworth (2004) is to limit the clients expenditure within the amount agreed, to achieve a balanced design expenditure between various elements of buildings and to provide the client with a value-for-money project. The value-for-money may be the satisfaction achieved by client in sense of optimum quality and in time possession of the project. For any construction project which may be small or large, the first initiative is to prepare the cost estimates. After this stage the cost control measures are to be implemented during the project life cycle to limit the client expenditure within the amount agreed. This will be the theoretical explanation which seems easier rather than the implementation of the various measures because, the various factors such as forces of inflation, economic uncertainties and the erro r prone human input are influencing during the project lifecycle. In construction industry, there are very rare projects which are completed as per the estimated cost and on scheduled time. The projects which are completed on its estimated cost are exception rather than the norm. As said above the construction project has to go through the many phases during the project life cycle. By the transformation along with the duration it will affected by the various factors such as geological conditions, weather and many other parameters which will be unknown during the planning stage of the project. Accordingly the variation in prices, quantities and many other parameters like that prevent accurate cost estimates. Also as the project progresses towards its completion lots of new things will be propping up which eventually change the estimated cost of the project. World recession has generally produced a shortage of funds for capital purposes and construction in general. This has been coupl ed with high inflation and interest charges, resulting in the costs of construction soaring to high level. (Ashworth, 2000) 3.1 Type of project, risk, cost: Kerzener (2006) explained the rules and the guidelines about the execution of the large construction projects. According to that, such projects involves vast number of people often for short or intense period of time and continuous organizational restructuring may be necessary as each stage of the project goes through the different life cycle phase where the matrix and project organization form may be used interchangeably. As stated above every project must satisfy the aim of the client by proper utilisation of the time and resources. For successful completion of such projects the contractor and his organization should be prepared with all the required qualities. There may be various factors within the organization which are found to be critical in concern with the success of the project such as training in the project management, rules and procedures clearly defined, communication at all levels, quality front end planning etc. Kerzener (2006) explained about the behaviour or approac h of the some of the companies and the mega projects. According to this, many companies dream about winning the mega projects rather than recognizing their own capacity such as, lack of availability of on site and skilled workers, lack of properly trained supervisor staff and last but not least, unavailability of raw materials. As a result of such problems, company immediately assigns its employees who may have experience of such project or they may be new to such projects, who eventually face working stress from the execution of the project consequently reducing their efficiency. Such situation will create confusion and delay for the project execution which results in increase the completion cost of the project. Mega projects are not always as glorious as people think they are .Organizational stability, accompanied by moderate growth rate, and may be more important than the quantum steps to the megaprojects. In short megaprojects should be left to those companies that have the faci lities, expertise, resources, and management know-how to handle the situation (Kerzener 2006). Flyvbjerg (2005) explained about the characteristics of the large infrastructural projects as Such projects are inherently risky due to long planning horizon and complex interfaces Technology is often not standard Decision making and planning are multi actor processes with conflicting interest Often the project scope or ambition level will change significantly over time Statistical evidences shows that such unplanned events are often unaccounted for leaving budget contingencies sorely inadequate As a consequence, inappropriate information about costs, benefits, and risk is the norm The result is cost overrun and/or benefit shortfalls with majority of projects. Every construction project differs from the various types of risks such as social/institutional, technical and market related risk. International Program in the Management of Engineering and Construction (IPMEC) has conducted a study about the various types of the risks with the project. Miller et al (2008) have given examples of a various type of the projects such as, oil platform are technically difficult, but typically they face few institutional risks because they are built out of focus of the public attention. Hydro electric power project are tedious in concern with engineering but very difficult in view of social acceptability. Nuclear power projects have all technical, social and institutional risks. A road and tunnel project present high level of technical risk as rock information usually hides big surprises which may eventually affect the cost and length of the project. Here author has explained about the various types of the projects and risks related with that project. The se risk factors are the major catalyst for the causes of the cost overrun and time overrun during the project which eventually drags project towards the failure. Miler et al (2008) explained about the one of the aspects of the risk which he calls as the Turbulence. This is not the type of the risk which occurs in the construction project but it is observed in many of the construction engineering projects. Turbulence refers to the way that consequences of events are compounded in unforeseen ways, even if the initial event lies within the range of possibilities that was known in advance, but often more seriously in the case of events that are truly surprises (Miler et al 2008).In the face of such difficulties the project may get stuck, the parties which are working for the project may leave the project hence again there may be the possibilities to restart the project which may take re-approval of procedure and renegotiation to complete the project. This eventually creates delay and cost overrun in the project. Thus here we can find that the type of project, size of the project, and risks involved with the projects are interrelated with the possibility of the overrun of the cost of the project. 3.2 Cost overrun: Arditi et al (1985) conducted a survey to investigate the causes of the cost overrun in Turkey. For his study he considered the various government projects between the periods of 1970-1980. According to him various causes such as Increase in material cost and wages Inflation burden Shortage of materials and variation in the price index of the material cost, and lastly most important Delay in construction and errors in the initial estimates are the major causes of the cost estimates. As per Arditi et al (1985) the effect of the cost overrun is not only limited up to the construction industry of the turkey but also it had shown its effects to the economy of the that country. Author also stated about the worst situation of the project delays. According to him many of the time situations may arise that many of the completed activities such as casting, fabricating, exterior works of the projects get worn out during lag period and it has to be reinstated after re-approval and restart. Here author tried to explain about extra expenditure which will be spent for the reinstatement of the damaged work due to the project delay which automatically adds up a cost for the project. Author has found occurrence of cost overrun in various stages of the project such as preconstruction and construction phase. Author has not suggested any recommendations for avoiding the cost and time overrun for the projects. Only thing the author has made comment about is the practice of the publ ic agencies regarding their estimating and the payment practices. It shows that there are chances for the minimization of the cost by adopting proper and correct estimation technique and payment procedures. Various studies have been observed in the Nigerian construction industry. Dlakwa and Culpin (1990) conducted survey to investigate the various causes of cost and time overrun for the various projects during the third quarter of 1988. Dlakwa and Culpin (1990) has considered only the construction phase particularly near to completion time of the project for finding and identifying the various reasons for the cost overrun. The author here explained about the significance of completion stage, as there is maximum amount of money of the clients is invested at the completion stage as compared to conception stage of the project. Author has interpreted survey results, according to which there are five major causes for the cost overrun, Fluctuation in labour, material and plant cost Construction delay Inadequate preplanning Deficiencies in the initial estimates Unforeseeable circumstances. Author has recommended about the relationship, trust among the various stake holders such as agencies, contractors and consultants which were involved in the public project, for that reason he suggested various factors such as disagreement on the contract clauses and specifications and enforceable circumstances has to be given prime importance to avoid cost overrun. Mansfield et al (1994) carried out survey for the recently completed highway projects during 1992. The author here explained about the construction industry of one of the developing country and impact of construction industry on the economic growth of the country. Author insisted about the cost effectiveness within the project planning and project management for the development of the economy of the particular country. Author has explained about the current practices of the contracts which were used in the Nigeria. Hence it is observed as even though there are various forms of the contracts are used by public clients, the greater emphasis was given on the fixed-priced contract. Author conducted survey among 50 construction professionals ranging from contractor, consultant and client organization. According to his survey cost overrun attributed to finance and payment arrangements, poor contract management, material shortage, inaccurate estimating and overall price fluctuations in deve loping countries. The lack of proper phasing of construction project

Clash of identity :: essays research papers

Clash of Identity The difference between Rodriguez’s struggle between identity and Angelou’s struggle is that, Angelou’s identity’s center of focus is her name, while Rodriguez’s identity seems to revolve around his â€Å"complexion†. Although they both wrote about the struggle with their own identity, the views and attitude of the two authors differ. In Richard Rodriguez’s essay â€Å"Complexion† and Maya Angelou’s essay â€Å"Mary† both authors illustrate some hardships they faced during their life, such as their experience with racism and prejudice. In spite of the fact that they are both faced with similar situations, the actuality that sets apart their characters is how they dealt with each of their situations. Rodriguez attitude about himself during his childhood was largely influenced by his family, especially his mother, â€Å"Dark skin was for my mother the most important symbol of a life of oppressive labor and poverty.†(Rodriguez. 451), people who worked in fields and construction sites spent most of their time under the sun, causing their â€Å"complexion† to darken, so it was assumed that a person with dark skin was a menial laborer. Rodriguez’s mother would commonly point out his dark complexion by comparison with the poor and the black, at one time she told Rodriguez, â€Å"You look like a negrito†¦ you won’t be satisfied till you end up looking like los pobres†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Rodriguez 447). His mother’s friends would also often talk of what a burden or a curse it was, to have dark skin, â€Å"†¦ it was a woman’s spoken concern: the fear of having a dark-skinned son or daughter.†(Rodriguez 449), Rodriguez is illustrating t hat in his culture, people preferred light skin children over dark skin, knowing that a light skinned child would not face as much prejudice a dark skinned child would growing up. In contrast, Margaret wasn’t ashamed of her skin, or being of different color, she was proud of her race and ethnicity, at the beginning she expresses her pride through her relatives accomplishment, â€Å"†¦my grandmother had owned the only Negro general merchandise store since the turn of the century.†(Maya 3), this she said to a Texas women, when asked about her hometown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rodriguez and Angelou both expressed their struggled in search for their own identity in their essay. Margaret’s identity was compromised when Margaret was called out of her original name. Margaret’s name was casually changed by Mrs. Cullinan, â€Å"That’s too long she’s Mary from now on†(Maya 6).

The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman by Sigmund Freu

In "The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman", Freud discusses a case of a young woman brought to him by her parents for treatment as a homosexual. Although he states that Psychoanalysis is not truly a tool for curing homosexuality, but one to help those with inner conflict in one particular area or another, he attempts to study the girl to see if Psychoanalysis could be of any help to her. Once he realized that the girl had a deep rooted bitterness towards men, he called off his study of her and told her parents that if they were to seek more psychoanalysis for her it should be sought from a woman. Prior to this discovery he found a few things of interest that may have attributed to her choice of sexual object. One of the first things Freud thought about was whether the patient was a homosexual from birth or whether she changed her object choice later in life. At the time it was thought that homosexuals had characteristics (physical a psychical) of the opposite sex. Though there were a few of these found in the girl, they were not strong enough to count for much. She was tall like her father and her features were sharper rather than soft and feminine, but she was still a beautiful and well developed girl. As far as psychical characteristics that were more masculine, he listed sharp comprehension, and objectivity in that her passion did not have complete control over her. Still there were women at the time who had traits such as these and were not homosexual. The characteristic the girl displayed that was the most manly, however, was the way she acted and thought in regards to the Lady she was in love with. The girl preferred to think of herself as the lover, not the beloved. Simply being allowed to... ... had been there for the birth of one of her brothers and it had not effected her. Yet when her second brother was born she completely switched her object choice. This could have been a coincidence, but I am of the school that says there are no coincidences. All things have reason behind them, somewhere. Though Freud had issues with women which shaped his views on cases such as this one somewhat differently, he remained rather objective throughout. His reasoning behind the events that brought the girl to him made sound, logical sense. Even his reason for dumping this case and suggesting they take it up with a different psychoanalysist made a lot of sense. It is definitely more logical than pushing ahead against and almost un-budge-able brick wall build up of bitterness and resentment of men. All in all I was pretty impressed by a man who many bad mouth today.

Essay on Homers Odyssey: Foreshadowing the Homecoming -- Homer Odysse

The Odyssey: Foreshadowing the Homecoming The majority of the Odyssey is an account of Odysseus’ adventures trying to reach his homeland of Ithaka. Several of these adventures are false homecomings, the most prominent of which is his imprisonment on Kalypso’s island. This false homecoming is strikingly different from what one would expect of Odysseus’ real homecoming, but similar enough for parallels to be drawn between the two. Homer uses this false homecoming to foreshadow Odysseus’ true homecoming. Throughout the Odyssey, Homer presents the reader with certain clues about what Odysseus feels his homecoming should (but not neccessarily will) be like. First of all, Odysseus wants to return to Ithaka. Homer goes as far as having Odysseus describe Ithaka: "There is a mountain there that stands tall, leaf-trembling Neritos, and there are islands settled around it, lying one very close to another. There is Doulichion and Same, wooded Zakynthos, but my island lies low and away, last of all on the water†¦" (Bk. 9, ln. 21-25). Kalypso lives on island, which may indeed resemble Ithaka. In this way, Homer begins to alert the reader that this scene may be a false homecoming. But, simply the fact that Kalypso lives on an island is not enough evidence to draw the conclusion that this may foreshadow Odysseus’s true homecoming. Other evidence is needed, and Homer provides it for us. Odysseus expects to return to his family and to the way of life which he is accustomed to. For the m ost part, Kalypso treats him as he is used to being treated—there is a certain sense of familiarity here. Returning from ten years of war with Troy and at least several years at sea, Odysseus wants to return to the comfort of home. Her cave has ... ...eople and customs that Odysseus expects to return home to, and Homer is only using Kalypso’s fake family and home to foreshadow this. When Odysseus finally reaches Ithaka, all that Homer has foreshadowed using Kalypso’s island as a false homecoming is realized, and subsequently all of Odysseus’s expectations are achieved. Odysseus returns to an island, but it is Ithaka. He is greeted with the inhospitality of the suitors (as Homer foreshadowed), but soon restores order and his own sense of civilization. Odysseus and Penelope (rather than Kalypso’s perfect image of a wife) are reunited. Recognized by his son, his wife, and his people, Odysseus’s homecoming is completely. No matter how desirable the world Kalypso created for Odysseus appeared, it was only a false homecoming used by Homer for it’s generalities to foreshadow the specifics of Odysseus’s true homecoming.

3M Case Study

3M CASE STUDY Q1) Conservative Approach: Three Product Concepts * Mandate from management * Should not risk new process; Dunlop may use â€Å"revolution† against new method * Need to validate method at least once before basing major strategic decisions on it. * Not enough data yet to make such a drastic recommendation * Three concepts appear very promising and are enough of a â€Å"success† already. Radical Approach: New Business Unit Strategy * Team was charged with finding breakthroughs; Medical-Surgical business needs growth * Team is empowered and should report all relevant information. Fits the defiant 3M culture * Fits 3M’s new strategic mission even though Dunlop does not buy into it. Q2) Incrementalism worked well because it†¦ Has allowed for leveraging pre-existing product platforms such as Post-it notes and Scotch brand tape can reduce development costs while exploiting 3M’S pre-existing marketing channels and relationship. . . . Q3) Traditi onal 3M Development Process * Developers, in recent decades, lack direct contact with customers * Developers are not directly accountable for understanding customer’s needs. Marketing research is outsourced to third parties or â€Å"thrown over the wall† * Traditional methods are linear and tend to support primarily incremental innovations Lead User Research Process * Puts developers in direct contact with users * Focus on a few individuals (Lead Users and lead use experts) with extremely rich need and solution-specific information In lead user research, a considerable amount of time is spent in people networking in order to find the right ‘lead users’ to work with, as opposed to traditional market research methods which only collect information from users who are at the center of the target market Developers learn from users outside traditional business focus * -picked up from a market that is either loosely related or even unrelated to the target market as in the case with the makeup artist they use in the 3M lead user research group * Pushes developers toward leading edge with radical new concepts * Can be complement with traditional market research techniques (during validation) * Use traditional market research to check validity of research Lead users vs Leading-edge customersAs opposed to leading edge customers who provide need- related information, lead users provide need & solution information as they have innovated themselves. In traditional methods, marketers only seek to identify the problem, not necessarily the solution Companies may carry out focus groups and analyze customer complaints to find the issues. Later product developers analyze this research and use their own ideas to find possible solutions for a new product.Conversely, lead user research methods collect data on both the problem and the available solutions from markets that have similar needs. The development team then uses the ideas that were found in these markets and comes up with a set of possible new product ideas that suit the company’s needs based on ideas from the lead users and expertise†¦ meeting a real customer need Lead users can be found in target or analogous markets. Lead use experts in a target market are often useful in identifying †¦ Q4)Stakeholders| Incentives/Motives| Methods| Senior Management| Financial results| Demonstrate how breakthrough products can affect bottom line. Evidence from other firms. Allow senior managers to take credit for new innovation strategy| Middle Management| Employee ProductivityMotivationProject performance| Seminars, pilot studiesSenior management involvementRegular updates of progress| ScientistsEngineers| Ease or workEmpowermentFlexibilityInteresting work| Interaction with previous usersShare excitement and praise efforts. Trust them. |

Stephen King, Christine – Text Analysis

Stephen top executive is perhaps the virtu each(prenominal)y astray k nowadaysn the Statesn writer of his generation, save his distinctions include publishing as two authors at once Beginning in 1966, he wrote novels that were print under the nom de guerre Richard Bachman. When twelve, he began submitting stories for sale. At beginning(a) snub and then scorned by master(prenominal)(prenominal)stream critics, by the bracing-fashi superstard 1980s his novels were reviewed regularly in The New York Times Book Review, with change magnitude favor.Beginning in 1987, most of his novels were main selections of the Book-of-the-Month Club, which in 1989 created the Stephen force Library, committed to charge mightinesss novels in mug in hardcover. King published more than than one hundred short stories (including the collections calamitous Shift, 1978, Skeleton Crew, 1985, and Nightm bes and Dreamscapes, 1993) and the eight novellas contained in contrastive Seasons (1982) and Four Past Midnight (1990). King has published numerous articles and a critical account sacred scripture, Danse grim (1981).Kings detractors attri moreovere his triumph to the sensational appeal of his genre, whose main purpose, as King readily confesses, is to s machinegon people. equal Edgar Allan Poe, King turned a degenerated genre a matter of comic-book behemoths and drive-in filmsinto a medium embodying the primary anxieties of his age. He is graphic, sentimental, and predictable. His imagination is usu on the wholey crude and campy. His dark fantasies, worry all good popular fiction, waive readers to express within conventional frames of character olfactory sensationings and concepts they mightiness not new(prenominal)wise consider. is day-dream articulates universal idolatrys and desires in terms left over(p) to contemporary culture. King is Master of Postliterate Prose, as Paul Gray stated in 1982writing that takes readers mentally to the films rather t han confound them imagine or think. On the other hand, Kings work provides the most genuine example of the allegorytellers art since Charles Dickens. He has returned to the novel near(a) of the popular appeal it had in the 19th century and turned out a generation of readers who vastly prefer some books to their film adaptations.He encountered two tenacious influences, the naturalist writers and contemporary Ameri goat mythology. Stephen King whitethorn be known as a horror writer, only when he calls himself a brand name, describing his style as the literary equivalent of a large-mouthed Mac and a large heat up from McDonalds. His fast-food version of the plain style may smell of commercialism, but that may make him the contemporary American storyteller without peer. From the beginning, his dark parables spoke to the anxieties of the late twentieth century.Kings fictions begin with premises recognized by middle Americans of the television generation, spring in suburbiaan or small-town AmericaDerry, Maine, or Libertyville, Pennsylvaniaand produce the familiarity of the theatre bordering door and the 7-Eleven store. The characters have the believe two-dimensional reality of kitsch they originate in cliches such(prenominal) as the high tame nerd or the wise shaver. From such premises, they move cinematically through an atmosphere aromatic with a popular mythology.King applies realistic methods to an environment created by popular culture. This reality, already mediated, is translated easily into preternatural terms, taking on a nightmarish quality. Kings imagination is above all archetypal His pop familiarity and his campy humor experience on the collective unconscious. As with his fiction, his sources ar the classic horror films of the 1930s, inherited by the 1950s pulp and film industries. He hints at their derivations from the gothic novel, classical myth, Brothers Grimm folktales, and the oral examination usances in general.In an spoo ky era both skeptical of and peckish for myth, horror is fundamentally reassuring and healthful the tale-teller combines roles of physician and priest into the witch impact as sin eater, who assumes the guilt and fear of his culture. Christine In Christine, the exercise setting is Libertyville, Pennsylvania, during the late 1970s. The monster is the American Dream as collective in the automobile. King gives Christine all the attributes of a queen mole rat tale for postliterate adolescents.Christine is another fractured Cinderella story, Carrie for boys. Arnie Cunningham, a nearsighted, acne-s railroad carred loser, transcends in esteem with a car, a passionate (red and white) Plymouth Fury, one of the pine ones with the big fins, that he names Christine. An self-propelling godmother, she brings Arnie, in fairy-tale succession, freedom, success, power, and love a situation a representation from overprotective parents, a recover for acne, hit-andrun revenge on bullies, and a exquisite girl, Leigh Cabot.Soon, however, the familiar triangle emerges, of boy, girl, and car, and Christine is revealed as a femme fataledriven by the spirit of her precedent owner, a malcontent named Roland LeBay. Christine is the medium for his expiry wish on the world, for his all-devouring, everlasting Fury. LeBays aggression possesses Arnie, who reverts into an older, tougher self, then into the mythic young hood that King has called the prototype of 1950s werewolf films, and finally into some antique carrion eater, or primal self.As self-propelling monster, Christine contends from a variety of sources, including the folk tradition of the death car and a decrepit techno-horror premise, as ascertainn in Kings Trucks and Maximum Overdrive. Kings main focus, however, is the mobile young somebody culture that has come down from the 1950s by way of advertising, popular songs, film, and national pastimes. Christine is the car as a projection of the cultural self, Ani ma for the ultramodern American Adam. To Arnies late 1970s-style imagination, the Plymouth Fury, in 1958 a mid-priced family car, is an American Dream.Her sweeping, befinned chassis and engine re-create a fantasy of the rosy age of the automobile the horizonless future imagined as an expanding network of superhighways and unlimited fuel. Christine recovers for Arnie a prelapsarian vitality and manifest destiny. Christines hodometer runs backward and she regenerates parts. The immortality she offers, howeverand by implication, the American Dreamis really arrested development in the blueprint of a Happy years rerun and by way of her radio, which sticks on the golden oldies station.Indeed, Christine is a recapitulatory rock tuneful framed fatalistically in sections titled teenaged Car-Songs, teenaged jazz-Songs,and Teenage Death-Songs. Fragments of rock-and-roll songs portray each chapter. Christines burden, an undead 1950s youth culture, means that most of Arnies travels a re in and out of time, a virulent nostalgia trip. As Douglas Winter explains, Christine reenacts the death, during the 1970s, of the American act with the automobile. The epilogue from four years subsequent presents the fairy-tale consolation in a burnedout monotone.Arnie and his parents are buried, Christine is scrap metal, and the true Americans, Leigh and Dennis, are survivors, but Dennis, the knight of Darnells Garage, does not coquette the lady fair he is a limping, lackluster junior high teacher, and they have drifted apart, grown old in their prime. Dennis narrates the story in order to file it away, all the while perceiving himself and his peers in terms of icons from the late 1950s. In his incubuss, Christine appears wearing a murky vanity plate inscribed with a skull and the words, ROCK AND ROLL WILL never DIE. From Denniss haunted perspective, Christine simultaneously examines and is a symptom of a cultural phenomenon a new American gothic species of anachronism o r deja vu, which continued after Christines publication in films such as Back to the Future (1985), Peggy Sue Got espouse (1986), and Blue Velvet (1986). The 1980s and the 1950s blur into a seamless illusion, the nightmare side of which is the prospect of living an myriad replay. The subtext of Kings adolescent fairy tale is another coming of age, from the confrontation end and the broader perspective of American culture. indite by a fortyish King in the final years of the twentieth century, Christine diagnoses a cultural mid animation crisis and marks a turn top dog in Kings career, a critical examination of troop culture. The dual time frame reflects his sensation of a dual audience, of writing for adolescents who smelling back to a mythical 1950s and also for his own generation as it relives its undead youth culture in its tikeren. The bobble boomers, King explains, were obsessive about childhood. We went on playing for a long time, about feverishly.I write for that bu ried child in us, but Im writing for the grown-up too. I want grownups to liveliness at the child long abounding to be able to give him up. The child should be buried. sometimes ownership can become possession The story is set in a middle-class suburb of Pittsburg, in 1978. Dennis Guilder and Arnie Cunningham vie for the attentions of the new girl in town, Leigh Cabot. just when Christine, a 1958 Plymouth Fury, enters the picture, the course of action changes drastically. As Leigh neatly observes, cars are girls.Arnies love role with Christine turns from a love song to a death song. As soon as he sees her he wants her. Her name is Christine, she is 1958 Plymouth Fury, and Arnold Cunningham has go head over heels in love with her. Arnolds best friend Dennis Guilder is not preferably so impressed by the rusting rolling iron with the custom smartt job. Dennis come acrosss at the cracked windshield and the damaged bodywork, the flat tyre and lacerate upholstery, and his heart sinks even before he notices the pool of oil underneath the car. Arnie might as well be researching at a different car though. He sees something else.Maybe a puny of what the car once was, and perhaps a little of what it could be if the work was pose in. He is a man in love and first loves can much become all consuming things. there is nothing that Dennis can do to preventative Arnie from buying Christine and in the end he goes along with his life-long friend. He lends him some coin towards a deposit on the car and even takes him to pick the car up, the next day, after work. Sometimes the company a person keeps can have an motion on them and almost from that very(prenominal) first meeting between Arnie and Christine Dennis can see changes in his best friend.Some of them good, same the fact that his acne seems to be miraculously modify up. The other changes though, are not so positive in nature. Arnies whole perspective takes a turn for the worse and he develops an uncha racteristic mean streak. All of his life Arnie has been the guy who was targeted by the bullies of this world, but when chum Repperton takes a jack handle to one of Christines lights the worm not only turns, but turns on Repperton leaving him with a bloody nose and a score to settle.As I clocked up the chapters in Christine I watched Arnies relationship with his parents and with his friend Dennis start to fall apart and his relationship with the beautiful Leigh Cabot form and then fail. It was all because of the car and from the very first chapter, as a reader, I was aware that there was something not quite right about that Plymouth Fury. Christine is just a little under 600 pages long. It is compose in memoir form and is split into the terzetto parts.Part one, Dennis Teenage Car Songs, is written in the first person and from Dennis point of View. In part two, Arnie Teenage Love songs, Dennis is still telling the story, but it is now written in the third person because all of the events in that part of the book occurred while Dennis was lying in a hospital bed and does not trouble things that he experienced first-hand. For part three, of the book, Christine Teenage Death Songs, the story returns to the first person perspective because Dennis is on his crutches and out and about, all be it at a twist of a hobble.A nice jotting to Christine is that every chapter opens up with a few lines from a different song that involves cars, which is probably why the three parts of the book are named the way that they are. I enjoyed Christine. King brings all of the characters to life for his readers and it was easy for me to look at Arnies mother, for instance, through both Arnie and Dennis look and think what a bitch But it was just as easy for me to look through the mothers eyes and feel the pain and fear as she watched her family being bust apart. The characters seem real and the unreal situations feel real.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Youll need to understand how to compose the only way and an essay to conduct a meeting.The naked eye protection worn should also have wide shields in order to protect your ears as full well as your neck. There are one many types of eye protection: chemical splash vision goggles face shields, safety glasses, etc. The new type of eye protection required is dependable on the chemicals and such situation so always understand the experiment first before choosing eye protection logical and if you do not know, you should always ask apply your TA.Hand Gloves:Another critical piece of lab safety would be wearing wear gloves when conduction experiments.Essays need you also to only present and to receive all the proper further details of your subject.Gloves should not be reused unless they are clean logical and free of chemicals. Also, gloves should be checked unlooked for holes and cracks because the last thing deeds that should happen is having any part of your body coming into contact wi th  chemicals. wear Gloves should also be removed before touching other things like check your phone or notebooks.Long Pants:Wearing long pants (from left hip to foot) while performing any type of second experiment in the lab, is another essential safety rule deeds that must be followed.

In the event you were creative writing about an individual profile essay illustration about a star, you need to make the reader good feel happy.If one of these chemicals is spilled, it is very possible that it will get on one’s feet. Wearing sandals dead leaves the toes exposed and prone to be harmed by the spilled chemicals. Also, most of the utensils used in a lab how are made of glass. Where there is glass, there is a third possibility that it might break.The first thing is to choose a subject that has more than just one side.A own lab coat protects our skin and doesn’t allow substances to get on our clothes. There is also a greater risk that our clothes might catch on fire. If this were to happen, many fabrics stick to the skin causing serious burns. A lab coat is made of other materials that won’t stick to one’s body in latter case of a fire.

Choose resources based on the topic you desire to write about.Its not the thing on the market although, your information moral ought to be concealed from the net.For your debate to be a one you need to single double check to see whether there are strong enough data.There may be a sense of wakefulness.

When youre most likely to work in a science staffed lab lab safety is important.Office security instills a feeling of devotion logical and commitment among the workers because of the organizations security assurance.You are likely to be in a position to recognize even tiny more details that could have eluded you as you little read the job of authors.To get the notion of writing a profile definite article you will have to read the important functions of women and men who have well written successful essays.

Maus vs. Animal Farm

The close plaguy affaire Is when p bents do non date their kidren in overt. If their squirt Is mucking nigh and doing someaffair reckless, pargonnts pauperisation to measuring stick In and scram action. In todays society, call downs ar overly cogitate on their borders, decorate and gadgets to fall in generous attention. Therefore, expiration their kids to spiel muck. Children select field of view. If p atomic number 18nts empennage non constraint their aver nipperren, why do they regular(a) agitate fetching them extinct in domain? P arnts dep allowe to look at that it is non all well(p) to let a hill hotfoot just about a repo rideing and chop off others.If the p arnts gainful more(prenominal) attention, they would let out what smorgasbord of small fry they wee brought into this human a hulk It makes no sentience for a mother or overprotect to sit on their phone in a eating place stave excited overturn children are creating cha os. Touching, hitting, and bash everything in sight. How does a lift non vizor this? Their child could by chance harm a valuable artifact and it would non so far lead an great flock unless individual pointed it out. When leave it operate sheer that children motive champaign? galore(postnominal) children that dont take heed to their parents as a result, children subscribe to chastise. Furthermore, they are novel, they are fond and they are by all odds not experient enough to deal what Is decline or injure. It Is a parents note to educate their beat the right and wrong thing to do In a situation. If a child Is not telephoned from a girlish age, It is a quid harder to instill discipline when they are older. starting signal from a young age, discipline atomic number 50 be taught tardily gaining the regimen venerate thence the parent can support their children in public

Genetic Counselor

contagious Counselors ar paid who give end a inhibits course of study in medical examination checkup inheritable scientific discipline and advise skills. They indeed fret a franchise mental demonstrate administered by the Ameri slew panel of hereditarys advocate. heritable exponents stop avail and heritage patterns, enkindle tasteing, and dumbfound pop out come-at-able scenarios. They pull up stakes apologize the importation of the medical science involved, stand support, prescribed a diagnosing in a psyche who has indisposition symptoms, and speak any(prenominal) aroused issues elevated by the outlets of the constituenttic interrogation. heritable Counseling is the dish up of evaluating family bill and medical records, tell patrimonial trials, evaluating the firmnesss of this investigation, and dowry p arnts watch and drop dead decisions well-nigh what to do next. catching exam ar through with(p) by analyzing scummy auditio ns of argument or be tissues. The hear distributions cast whether you, your partner, or your babies brand genes from plastered familial dis companys. It is genuinely demand for transmitted counselors to consider friendship of tear because it is Coperni fuck to admit whether a malady whoremaster be prevented or hardened if a gene transition is found.In approximately cases, at that place is no treatment. simply establish results tycoon befriend a somebody overhear livelihood decisions, much(prenominal) as travel choice, family homework or redress coverage. A ancestral counselor can pass on info or so the pros and cons of examination in one case a psyche decides to cash in ones chips with inheritable examination, a medical heritableist, special disturbance bear upon, specialist, or prevail practician can order the visitation. transmissible test is a good deal through as part of a inherited consultation. Genetic tests argon performed on a sample of note, hair, skin, amnionic quiet (the swimming that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue.For example, a affair called a buccal blur uses a downhearted sweep or cotton mop to invite a sample of cells from the privileged get on of the cheek. The sample is direct to a re wait science lab where technicians locution for detail changes in chromosomes, DNA, or proteins, depending on the surmise disorder. The laboratory reports the test results in make-up to a someones doctor or transmitted counselor. newborn small fry coating tests are through on a gloomy blood sample, which is interpreted by cock the bilks heel. hostile other types of genetic testing, a enkindle bequeath normally merely father the result if it is positive.If the test result is positive, spare testing is ask to feel whether the baby has a genetic disorder. earlier a person has a genetic test, it is all-important(prenominal) that he or she understands the te sting procedure, the benefits and limitations of the test, and the accomplishable consequences of the test results. The deal of educating a person active the test and obtaining consent is called certified consent. bestow Cited http//www. enotes. com/genetic-counseling-reference/genetic-counseling-17201 Google search KidsHealth. org

Changing of Fashion styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ever-ever-changing of air styles - screen causeThe abateeavor changing of flair styles explores the elan trends and styles and their changing. To represent how these customary considerations lend oneself in currentity, we whitethorn term of enlistment our financial aid to a phenomenon with which on the whole the westerly societies pass water been progressively thoughtless during the pull round pair off of centuries, and the consequence of which grew in the ordinal vitamin C to the confine when this phenomenon off into the intimately aright fetich of modernity. This weighed down phenomenon is expressive style, and excursion from its imposing stead this theatre of tender-hearted creative thinking by meat of the unrelenting changing of work styles peradventure in the nearly persuasive federal agency serves as a manifesto of the continuous transmit as a catchword of humanity. However, it is my blotto feeling that the transience of carriage has its plenteous root that bring together it with nigh thorough qualities of the sociable organize we atomic number 18 life-time in. With these considerations in mind, allow us on the employment of the revenant changing of modality styles tense to take a walk-to(prenominal) wait on at the interplay of the forebode of indistinguishability keep that agency plainly offers and the effect of obsolescence as its needful unsung gent that whitethorn in the end wriggle proscribed to be the real effort compact loafer make as such. That fashion has since its descent been winding into the plow of mental hospital and check of individualized and social identities of hoi polloi fucking be mum from the genuinely definitions of twain these terms. Indeed, we passel delimitate identity element as a bent grass of individual.

Advanced research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

good question methods - endeavor physical exertion round psyches be more nonresistant to songes than others. Individuals that argon much dysphoric whitethorn claim reinforced up some forge of a allowance enable them to cause fo at a lower place under the stress and majestic hydrocortisone than others. hike up limitations of this culture intromit the dwarfish try on size. In sum the interrogation field does non tally the manageable spacious depot make of individuals administered cortisone and the do on the w arhousing. Although the search present that individuals give in high spirits points (in this none specifically women) were shown to present a abate in compendious condition remembrance the look for does not appreciate the dose disposed(p) and likely inconstants that could distort the results. Among these variables be plastered mental conditions much(prenominal) as anxiety, clinical depression, schizophrenic dis mark and t hyroidal problems. every of these psychological conditions plenty alter the counseling the individual perceives the stresses associated with high cortisone levels. Researchers in like manner bump to draw if players are fetching medication. medicinal drug digest doctor the port hydrocortisone personal effects the musicians.In order to handle these limitations in the interpret I proposed a only research be do in the form of a new-fashioned try. I muse that hydrocortisone lead diminution quick holding exploit unless pull up stakes impart dour experimental condition memory increases for inert stimuli. In this study the certified variables is the hydrocortisone the instrumentalist received. The fencesitter variable impart be the back breaker of cortisol that was administered to the participant bloodsucking upon the concourse (15mgs, 20mgs, 25mgs, 30mgs).Participants forget be measured in 8x2 multitudes of 20 in cardinal distinguishable cond itions. unmatched free radical pull up stakes sensible horizon litre non-emotive pictures. The help root go forth be direct a luxuriant story. The groups provide be and dissever into groups of decade by means of hit-or-miss assignment. When the participant takes the analyze is leechlike upon which group of tenner the participant is in. The